Gardners multiple intelligences theory is presented as a cognitive perspective on. The theory linguistic intelligence musical intelligence logicalmathematical intelligence spatial intelligence bodilykinesthetic intelligence the personal intelligences a critique of the. Intelligences evolve with development and application. Verballinguistic learning style, or intelligence, is one of eight types of learning styles defined in howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences. The theory of multiple intelligences howard gardner. Application of howard gardners multiple intelligence. Gardner suggests that intelligence is based on multiple frames, each consisting of unique problemsolving abilities. Despite this, gardner seems to have stopped short of adding to the seven some might argue, with the exception of naturalist intelligence with any clearly and. This intelligence is mainly concerned with the ability to comprehend and compose language efficaciously both orally and in writing. Howard gardner proposed this model in his 1983 book frames of mind. Pdf the theory of multiple intelligences katie davis academia. Verbal linguistic learning style, or intelligence, is one of eight types of learning styles defined in howard gardner s theory of multiple intelligences. Verbal intelligence shows up both in the written and the spoken word.
Gardner prefers to describe cognitive ability as a set of eight intelligences. Writers, public speakers, and even teachers tend to. Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. People with high linguistic intelligence have sensitivity in spoken as well as written. Verbal intelligence welldeveloped verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words sometimes referred to as verballinguistic intelligence verbal mi verbs. Introduction to the tenth anniversary edition background the idea of multiple intelligences intelligence. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by psychologist howard gardner in the. Gardner s theory, developed during the 1960s, helps teachers, trainers, and employers to adjust their teaching styles to fit the needs of different learners.
As the education system has stressed the importance of developing mathematical and linguistic intelligences, it often bases student success only on the measured skills in those two intelligences. The eight identified intelligences include linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical. They found that intelligence is the most difficult term to define. It may refer to the ability to use ones hands to create, to express oneself with ones body, a reliance on tactile mechanisms and movement, and accuracy in controlling body movement. Poets, writers, linguists, journalists, language teachers, etc. Pdf the theory of multiple intelligences researchgate. Mcgee bryce hantla prior to howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences mi, the prevailing view on intelligence was that each individual possessed a general intelligence guiding human behavior and cognition. Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education. According to howard gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence. They tend to learn best by reading, taking notes, listening to.
This means that teaching and learning are informed and determined by what learners are expected to achieve kramer 1999, 15. Other people have developed a pluralistic idea of intelligence. Educators are now, more than ever, confronted with the problems of how to accom. An investigation between multiple intelligences and. This challenges the idea of humans having a single iq as if our brains were machines with intelligence located somewhere inside.
Verballinguistic intelligence is only one of the 8 intelligences defined by this theory. The role of musical intelligence in a multiple intelligences focused elementary school. It challenges the thendominant and still sometimes prevalent belief that only linguistic and mathematical skills can define a persons intelligence. This intelligence involves the knowing which comes. Theory and application hope phillips columbus state university abstract howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences has challenged the historical view of intelligence as a fixed quantity since he first published frames of mind in 1983. The theory of multiple intelligences and its application in efl. The eight identified intelligences include linguistic intelligence, logicalmathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, bodilykinesthetic. Gardners theory of multiple intelligences howard gardner redefined intelligence.
Linguistic intelligence of undergraduate efl learners in higher. It suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on i. People with linguistic intelligence are adept at communicating through the written word and seek to hone their skills. In howard gardners words, it entails the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically.
Linguistic intelligence international montessori schools. An example of the second type of justification is gardners 1983 seven forms of intelligence. Howard gardner s nine multiple intelligences mis and some verbs associated with the observable actions characteristic of each multiple intelligence mi. People with verballinguistic intelligence display a facility with words and languages. Verballinguistic intelligence has to do with words, spoken or written.
The term intelligence refers to a capacity specifically linked to content there are, up to now, according to howard gardner, eight intelligences. Traditional views and testing methods emphasize a unitary intelligence capacity based on linguistic and logicalmathematical abilities. In individualised education, the other intelligences can be used as an entry point. Interpersonal intelligence reflects an ability to recognize and understand. Through his theory, gardner placed a strong emphasis on the term intelligence, the ability to acquire and use knowledge, solve problems and.
Basic books, 1983, gardner put forward his theory of multiple intelligences, a theory that challenged the dominant definition of intelligence as limited to mathematical and linguistic abilities verbal and computational intelligences. How to use gardners multiple intelligences theory to help. In gardners scheme, the verballinguistic intelligence does not make direct reference to second. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by psychologist howard gardner in the late 1970s and early 1980s, posits that individuals possess eight or more relatively autonomous intelligences. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in. A simple linguistic intelligence definition is welldeveloped verbal and written skills with sensitivity to the rhythm and sounds of words. Our culture teaches, tests, reinforces and rewards primarily two kinds of intelligence. Howard gardner, professor of education at harvard university.
Individuals draw on these intelligences, individually and corporately, to create. Logicalmathematical intelligence consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. Poets really specialize in linguistic intelligence, but any kind of writer, orator, speaker, lawyer, or a person for whom language is an important. Howard gardners multiple intelligences theory divides intelligence into specific categories.
It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms. Multiple intelligence theory and foreign language learning dialnet. Gardner has described linguistic intelligence as sensitivity to spoken and written. This can include expressing yourself effectively through speech or the written word as well as showing a facility for learning foreign tongues. Earlier views biological foundations of intelligence what is an intelligence. Not all students of course have linguistic intelligence as their prime intelligence. Gardner says is the purpose of learning about multiple intelligences mi theory, which holds that the human mind is composed of eight intelligenceslinguistic, logicalmathematical, spatial, bodilykinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalisticplus a. In 1997, gardner added an eighth intelligence, the naturalist intelligence, and two years later a ninth intelligence, existentialist intelligence gardner. Toward a new perspective a new definition is required to assess the linguistic intelligence of teachers who instruct ells. Verbal intelligence is one of howard gardner s nine multiple intelligences pdf. Physical intelligence, also known as bodilykinaesthetic intelligence, is any intelligence derived through physical and practical learning such as sports, dance or craftsmanship.
Harvard psychologist howard gardner has been acclaimed as the most influential educational theorist since john dewey. Verbal intelligence is one of howard gardners nine multiple intelligences pdf. In this book gardner claims that every human possesses at least seven intelligences and that iq measures mainly linguistic and logicalmathematical intelligence. Linguistic intelligence, one of howard gardner s eight multiple intelligences, involves the ability to understand and use spoken and written language. They also have the ability to teach others and communicate complex concepts. Howard gardner theorized that there are multiple intelligences, and that we all use one or two for the most effective learning. Thorndike, thurstone, guilford, sternberg and cici but it is thought that gardners theory became the most well known. Gardners definition of linguistic intelligence, however, does not capture the version of linguistic intelligence that this study has aimed to develop. Mi theory identifies some eight or nine types of intelligence. In gardners judg intelligence description ment, neither existential intelligence nor any of the other proposed intelligences suffi linguistic an ability to analyze. Teaching and learning through multiple intelligences in. Gardner first outlined his theory in his 1983 book frames of mind. Gardner 2011 proposed a theory of multiple intelligences consisting of nine types of. Howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences an intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings.
Gardner 1999 refers to the first kind of intelligence as linguistic intelligence. Each person possesses a spectrum of intelligences that are combined and used in personal ways. According to gardners analysis, only two intelligences linguistic and. Gardners influence in education 2 howard gardner was a harvard psychologist, most noteworthy for his influence on child development with his theory of multiple intelligences. Gardners theory, developed during the 1960s, helps teachers, trainers, and employers to adjust their teaching styles to fit the needs of different learners. School is an area in which people with linguistic intelligence often do well. Gardner says is the purpose of learning about multiple intelligences mi theory, which holds that the human mind is composed of eight intelligences linguistic, logicalmathematical, spatial, bodilykinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalisticplus a possible ninth existential.
According to gardners theory of multiple intelligences, each human being is. Teaching and learning through multiple intelligences in the outcomesbased education classroom process. Manual for the eysenck personality questionnaire epqr adult. Multiple intelligences by howard gardner linguistic intelligence second language learning in the bilingual classroom children acquire language in different. The first generation of psychologists of intelligence, such as spearman 1927 and terman 1975, cited by gardner 1993. Gardner took the idea of intelligence and made it plural, thus opening the door for many kinds of smart. The theory of multiple intelligences, where he suggested that all people have different kinds of intelligences. Gardner proposed a revolutionary revision of our thinking about intelligence. Gardner proposed that there are eight intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as existentialist intelligence. Supporters of gardner s theory of multiple intelligences believe that this emphasis is biased, unbalanced, and unfair. Strengthening the linguistic intelligence through the other intelligences. Implications of multiple intelligences theory in elt field. The eight identified intelligences include linguistic intelligence, logicalmathematical. Linguistic intelligence, one of howard gardners eight multiple intelligences, involves the ability to understand and use spoken and written language.
Gardner said that multiple intelligences were not limited to the original seven, and he has since considered the existence and definitions of other possible intelligences in his later work. However, it is an important tool to have in the acquisition, processing and understanding of knowledge. Verballinguistic intelligence multiple intelligences. According to gardners analysis, only two intelligenceslinguistic and. Howard gardner frames of mind 1983 verballinguistic intelligence word smart or book smart. Four participating teachers implemented the theory of multiple intelligences mi by howard gardner in their classroom curricula. Gardner, 2011 specifies that multiple intelligences of each individual consist of linguistic intelligence, music intelligence, logicalmathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily. Howard gardners nine multiple intelligences mis and. The theory of multiple intelligences differentiates human intelligence into specific modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability.
Traditionally, psychologists have looked upon intelligence as a linear concept that can be simply measured by iq tests. Gardners theory of multiple intelligences, however, is perhaps the best known of these. The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by dr. We use linguistic verbal intelligence to articulate thinking and develop opinions. They are typically good at reading, writing, telling stories andor memorizing words and dates. Howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences namely, verballinguistic, logicomathematical, musical, bodykinesthetic, visualspatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist intelligence in evaluating a resource by a student. His ideas about intelligence and creativity explicated in such bestselling books as frames of mind and multiple intelligences over 200,000 copies in print combined have revolutionized our thinking. Howard gardners nine multiple intelligences mis and some verbs associated with the observable actions characteristic of each multiple intelligence mi. Gardner proposed eight different skill sets that better grasp the full scope of a childs abilities. The role of musical intelligence was investigated at a central florida elementary school. Verbal intelligence welldeveloped verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words sometimes referred to as verbal linguistic intelligence verbal mi verbs.